Use of dental services among adults from a birth cohort in the South region of Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: Measure the prevalence of use of dental services in the previous year and associated factors among 31-year-old adults from a birth cohort of 1982. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study that analyzed a birth cohort of 1982 from the city of Pelotas. In 1997, a systematic sample of 27% of the city's census sectors was defined and all households in these sectors were visited, where 1,076 15-year-old adolescents were interviewed. For the oral health studies, 900 of these individuals were randomly selected and followed up at 24 and 31 years of age. The study used data collected from 523 individuals in 2013 (at 31 years old). The outcome was visit to the dentist (use of dental services) in the previous year. Demographic factors (sex), socioeconomic factors (income, education), and oral health factors (reason and type of service, self-perception of oral health, dental pain and caries experience - DMFT) were used as independent variables. Prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of use of dental services in the previous year was 55.3% (95%CI: 51.0-59.5%). In the adjusted analysis, the reason and type of service, self-perception of oral health, and DMFT were associated with the outcome. A stronger association was found with use of dental services in individuals who visited for prevention and used the private service, who were satisfied with their oral health, and who had more caries experiences. CONCLUSION: 55.3% of the cohort sample used dental services in the previous year. Individuals who visited the dentist of private service for preventive reasons, who were very satisfied with their oral health, used these services in a higher proportion. In addition, a higher DMFT index also led to higher use of services.

Early Sugar Introduction Associated with Early Childhood Caries Occurrence.

Consensus has yet to be reached on the impact of early sugar introduction on early childhood dental caries (ECC). This study aimed to evaluate the association between the time of introduction of sugar in the infant's diet and ECC at 48 months, using data from the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study. This cohort comprises 4,275 children. At 48 months, 3,654 (91.1%) children had their oral health clinically evaluated by a team of 12 trained and calibrated dentists and their dental caries experience and cavitated lesions were assessed. The period of life in which sugar was first introduced into the child's diet was considered the primary exposure of the study, collected through questionnaires at 3, 12, 24, and 48 months of age. Analyses were conducted using Stata, version 15.0. Descriptive analyses were initially performed. Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment for the crude and adjusted analysis was used to estimate the effect of the sugar introduction on ECC. The highest prevalence of caries experience (43.3%) was in children in which sugar was introduced into the infant's diet before 12 months of age. A higher prevalence of caries experience was found for less educated (49.8%) and younger (51.7%) mothers, and in poorer families (48.3%). In the adjusted analysis, the experience of caries was 48% greater in the group with sugar introduction before 12 months of age, compared to those where sugar was introduced after 24 months of age In conclusion, our results support the adoption of preventive measures to delay the supply of sugar in early life in order to reduce the caries experience in children.

Use of dental services among adults from a birth cohort in the South region of Brazil / Uso de serviços odontológicos em adultos de uma coorte de nascimentos no sul do Brasil

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Measure the prevalence of use of dental services in the previous year and associated factors among 31-year-old adults from a birth cohort of 1982. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study that analyzed a birth cohort of 1982 from the city of Pelotas. In 1997, a systematic sample of 27% of the city's census sectors was defined and all households in these sectors were visited, where 1,076 15-year-old adolescents were interviewed. For the oral health studies, 900 of these individuals were randomly selected and followed up at 24 and 31 years of age. The study used data collected from 523 individuals in 2013 (at 31 years old). The outcome was visit to the dentist (use of dental services) in the previous year. Demographic factors (sex), socioeconomic factors (income, education), and oral health factors (reason and type of service, self-perception of oral health, dental pain and caries experience - DMFT) were used as independent variables. Prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regression. RESULTS The prevalence of use of dental services in the previous year was 55.3% (95%CI: 51.0-59.5%). In the adjusted analysis, the reason and type of service, self-perception of oral health, and DMFT were associated with the outcome. A stronger association was found with use of dental services in individuals who visited for prevention and used the private service, who were satisfied with their oral health, and who had more caries experiences. CONCLUSION 55.3% of the cohort sample used dental services in the previous year. Individuals who visited the dentist of private service for preventive reasons, who were very satisfied with their oral health, used these services in a higher proportion. In addition, a higher DMFT index also led to higher use of services.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Mensurar a prevalência de uso de serviços odontológicos no último ano e os fatores associados em adultos de 31 anos pertencentes à coorte de nascimentos de 1982. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal, aninhado na coorte de nascimentos de Pelotas de 1982. Em 1997, uma amostra sistemática de 27% dos setores censitários da cidade foi realizada e todos os domicílios desses setores foram visitados, onde 1.076 adolescentes de 15 anos foram entrevistados. Para os estudos de saúde bucal foram sorteados aleatoriamente 900 desses indivíduos, que foram acompanhados também aos 24 e 31 anos. O estudo utilizou dados coletados de 523 indivíduos em 2013 (aos 31 anos). O desfecho foi a ida ao dentista (uso do serviço) no último ano. Fatores demográficos, (sexo), socioeconômicos (renda, escolaridade) e de saúde bucal (motivo e tipo de serviço da consulta, autopercepção de saúde bucal, dor e experiência de cárie - CPOD) foram utilizados como variáveis independentes. As razões de prevalência foram estimadas usando a regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS A prevalência de uso de serviços odontológicos no último ano foi de 55,3% (IC95%: 51,0 -59,5%). Na análise ajustada, o motivo e tipo de serviço da consulta, a autopercepção de saúde bucal e o CPOD foram associados ao desfecho. Foi encontrada maior associação com a utilização de serviços odontológicos em indivíduos que visitaram por prevenção e usaram o serviço privado, satisfeitos com a sua saúde bucal e que tinham maior experiência de cárie. CONCLUSÃO 55,3% da amostra da coorte utilizaram os seviços odontológicos no último ano. Os indivíduos que visitaram o dentista por motivo preventivo, em consulta privada, que estavam muito satisfeitos ou satisfeitos com sua saúde bucal utilizaram em maior proporção esses serviços. Além disso, o maior índice de CPOD também levou ao maior uso.

Factors associated with the reduction of dental care in Primary Health Care in Brazil after the emergence of COVID-19: a cross-sectional study, 2020. / Fatores associados à redução de atendimentos odontológicos na Atenção Primária à Saúde no Brasil, com o surgimento da COVID-19: estudo transversal, 2020.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze factors associated with the reduction of dental care in Primary Health Care, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted with dentists in primary healthcare centers (PHCCs). The reduction of dental care was the outcome, and the exposure variables were sociodemographic data, availability of personal protective equipment (PPE) and measures adopted by PHCCs during the pandemic. Poisson regression was performed to determine the prevalence ratio and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). RESULTS: Of the total of 958 participants, 62.6% reported a reduction of over 50% in dental visits after the beginning of the pandemic. Adoption of biosafety protocols (PR = 1.04; 95%CI 1.01;1.07), availability of PPE recommended by new protocols (PR = 0.94; 95%CI 0.89;0.99) and adoption of tele-screening (PR = 0.90; 95%CI 0.85;0.96) were associated with the reduction. CONCLUSION: The availability of new types of PPE and implementation of tele-screening in PHCCs seem to have minimized the reduction of dental care after the beginning of the pandemic.

Factors associated with the reduction of dental care appointments in Primary Health Care in Brazil with the emergence of COVID-19: cross-sectional study, 2020 / Factores asociados a la reducción de la atención odontológica en Atención Primaria de Salud en Brasil con la aparición de COVID-19: estudio transversal, 2020 / Fatores associados à redução de atendimentos odontológicos na Atenção Primária à Saúde no Brasil, com o surgimento da COVID-19: estudo transversal, 2020

Objective: To analyze the associated factors of reductions for dental visits performed in Primary Health Care (PHC) in Brazil during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Crosssectional study with PHC dentists. The outcome was a reduction in dental care appointments and that the exposure variables included sociodemographic factors, aspects about personal protective clothing and equipment (PPE) and measures adopted by the Basic Health Unit (UBS) in Brazil after the appearance of COVID. Poisson regression was performed, used to determine the prevalence ratio and 95% confidence interval. Results: Reduction in visits above 50% after the onset of the pandemic was reported by 62.6% of 958 participating. Biosafety protocols (PR=1.04 ­ 95%CI 1.01;1.07), PPE suggested by the protocols (PR=0.94 ­ 95%CI 0.89;0.99), and telescreening (PR=0.90 ­ 95%CI 0.85;0.96) were factors associated with this reduction. Conclusion: The availability of the new PPE and the implementation of telescreening at UBS seem to have minimized the reduction in dental care after the onset of the pandemic

Objetivo: Analizar factores asociados a la reducción de consultas odontológicas en Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) en Brasil durante COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio transversal con dentistas de APS. El hecho investigado fue reducción de consultas odontológicas y las variables de exposición incluyeron factores sociodemográficos, aspectos de los equipos de protección personal (EPI) y las medidas adoptadas por la Unidad Básica de Salud (UBS) tras la aparición del COVID. Regresión de Poisson utilizada para determinar la razón de prevalencia y el intervalo de confianza del 95%. Resultados: El 62,6% de los 958 participantes informó una reducción en la asistencia superior al 50% después del inicio de la pandemia. La adopción de protocolos (RP=1,04 ­ IC95% 1,01;1,07), disponibilidad de EPI recomendado por los nuevos protocolos (RP=0,94 ­ IC95% 0,89;0,99) y la adopción de televaluación (RP=0,90 ­ IC95% 0,85;0,96) fueron factores que se asoció con esta reducción. Conclusión: La disponibilidad del nuevo EPP y la implementación de la teleprotección en UBS parecen haber minimizado la reducción en la atención dental después del inicio de la pandemia.

Objetivo: Analisar fatores associados à redução de atendimentos odontológicos na Atenção Primária à Saúde, durante pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com cirurgiões-dentistas das unidades básicas de saúde (UBS). O desfecho foi a redução dos atendimentos odontológicos, e as variáveis de exposição, dados sociodemográficos, disponibilidade de equipamentos de proteção individual (EPIs) e medidas adotadas pela UBS na pandemia. Realizou-se regressão de Poisson para determinar razão de prevalências e intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: A redução de atendimentos acima de 50% após o início da pandemia foi relatada por 62,6% dos 958 participantes. Adoção de protocolos de biossegurança (RP=1,04 ­ IC95% 1,01;1,07), disponibilidade de EPI preconizados por novos protocolos (RP=0,94 ­ IC95% 0,89;0,99) e adoção da teletriagem (RP=0,90 ­ IC95% 0,85;0,96) estiveram associados à redução. Conclusão: A disponibilização dos novos EPIs e a implementação da teletriagem nas UBS parecem ter minimizado a redução dos atendimentos odontológicos após o início da pandemia.

Fatores associados à redução de atendimentos odontológicos na Atenção Primária à Saúde no Brasil, com o surgimento da COVID-19: estudo transversal, 2020 / Factores asociados a la reducción de la atención odontológica en Atención Primaria de Salud en Brasil con la aparición de COVID-19: estudio transversal, 2020 / Factors associated with the reduction of dental care in Primary Health Care in Brazil after the emergence of COVID-19: a cross-sectional study, 2020

Objetivo: Analisar fatores associados à redução de atendimentos odontológicos na Atenção Primária à Saúde, durante pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com cirurgiões-dentistas das unidades básicas de saúde (UBS). O desfecho foi a redução dos atendimentos odontológicos, e as variáveis de exposição, dados sociodemográficos, disponibilidade de equipamentos de proteção individual (EPIs) e medidas adotadas pela UBS na pandemia. Realizou-se regressão de Poisson para determinar razão de prevalências e intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados: A redução de atendimentos acima de 50% após o início da pandemia foi relatada por 62,6% dos 958 participantes. Adoção de protocolos de biossegurança (RP = 1,04; IC95% 1,01;1,07), disponibilidade de EPIs preconizados por novos protocolos (RP = 0,94; IC95% 0,89;0,99) e adoção da teletriagem (RP = 0,90; IC95% 0,85;0,96) estiveram associados à redução. Conclusão: A disponibilização dos novos EPIs e a implementação da teletriagem nas UBS parecem ter minimizado a redução dos atendimentos odontológicos após o início da pandemia.

Objetivo: Analizar factores asociados a la reducción de consultas odontológicas en Atención Primaria de Salud en Brasil durante el COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio transversal con cirujanos dentistas de las Unidades Básicas de Salud (UBS). El hecho investigado fue la reducción de consultas odontológicas y las variables de exposición incluyeron factores sociodemográficos, aspectos de los equipos de protección personal (EPPs) y las medidas adoptadas por la UBS tras la aparición del COVID. La regresión de Poisson se utilizó para determinar la razón de prevalencia y el intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC95%). Resultados: El 62,6% de los 958 participantes informó una reducción en la asistencia superior al 50% después del inicio de la pandemia. La adopción de protocolos (RP = 1,04; IC95% 1,01;1,07), disponibilidad de EPPs recomendados por los nuevos protocolos (RP = 0,94; IC95% 0,89;0,99) y la adopción de teletriaje (RP = 0,90; IC95% 0,85;0,96) fueron factores que se asociaron con esta reducción. Conclusión: La disponibilidad del nuevo EPP y la implementación de la teleprotección en las UBS parecen haber minimizado la reducción en la atención bucal después del inicio de la pandemia.

Objective: To analyze factors associated with the reduction of dental care in Primary Health Care, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted with dentists in primary healthcare centers (PHCCs). The reduction of dental care was the outcome, and the exposure variables were sociodemographic data, availability of personal protective equipment (PPE) and measures adopted by PHCCs during the pandemic. Poisson regression was performed to determine the prevalence ratio and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Results: Of the total of 958 participants, 62.6% reported a reduction of over 50% in dental visits after the beginning of the pandemic. Adoption of biosafety protocols (PR = 1.04; 95%CI 1.01;1.07), availability of PPE recommended by new protocols (PR = 0.94; 95%CI 0.89;0.99) and adoption of tele-screening (PR = 0.90; 95%CI 0.85;0.96) were associated with the reduction. Conclusion: The availability of new types of PPE and implementation of tele-screening in PHCCs seem to have minimized the reduction of dental care after the beginning of the pandemic.

O impacto da Desvinculação de Receitas da União na efetivação do direito social à saúde durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil / The impact of the untying of federal revenue in the realization of the social right to health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil / El impacto de la desvinculación de los ingresos federales en la realizacion del derecho social a la salud durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en Brasil

Objetivo: discutir os impactos da Desvinculação de Receitas da União na efetivação do direito social à saúde, ocorrida em 2016 e 2017,para a capacidade instalada de leitos de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil. Metodologia: foi realizada análise dos valores desvinculados pela União, nos anos de 2016 e 2017, com dados disponíveis no Portal da Transparência do Governo Federal, em cotejo com o custo e a capacidade instalada de leitos de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva no Brasil em 2020. Resultados: com a desvinculação de receitas, a União não aplicou, no período analisado, o mínimo constitucionalmente estabelecido em ações e serviços de saúde. Tal situação acarretou subfinanciamento da saúde, causando impacto negativo na capacidade instalada de leitos de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, principalmente nas regiões Norte e Nordeste, durante combate à pandemia de COVID-19.Conclusão: a Desvinculação de Receitas da União retirou recursos do orçamento da saúde e impediu a adequada estruturação do Sistema Único de Saúde no que diz respeito à instalação de leitos de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva no Brasil para o enfrentamento da pandemia deCOVID-19.

Objective: to discuss the impacts of the untying of federal revenue in the realization of the social right to health during the COVID-19pandemic regarding the installed capacity of Intensive Care Unitsin Brazil. Methodology: an analysis of the valuesunlinked by the Governmentwas conductedin 2016 and 2017, with data available fromFederal Government's Transparency Portal, in comparison with the cost and installed capacity of Intensive Care Unitsin Brazil in 2020. Results: with the untying of revenues, the Union did not apply, in the period analyzed, the minimum constitutionally established in health actions and services. This situation led to underfunding of health, causing a negative impact on the installed capacity of beds in the Intensive Care Unit, especially in NorthandNortheast regions, in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion:the untying of federal revenues removed resources from the health budget and prevented the adequate structuring of the health system regardingthe Intensive Care Unitsin Brazil to face the coronavirus pandemic.

Objetivo: discutir los impactos de la desvinculación de los ingresos federales en la realización del derecho social a la salud durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en cuanto a la capacidad instalada de camas en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos en Brasil. Metodología: se realizó un análisis de los valores desvinculados por la Unión en los años 2016 y 2017, con datos disponibles en el Portal de Transparencia del Gobierno Federal, en comparación con el costo y capacidad instalada de camas en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos en Brasil en 2020. Resultados: con la desvinculación de los ingresos, la Unión no aplicó, en el período analizado, el mínimo constitucionalmente establecido en acciones y servicios de salud. Esta situación generó una subfinanciación de la salud, lo que provocó un impacto negativo en la capacidad instalada de camas en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, especialmente en las regiones Norte / Nordeste en la lucha contra la pandemia de COVID-19. Conclusión: la desligación de ingresos federales sacó recursos del presupuesto de salud e impidió la adecuada estructuración del sistema de salud en lo que respecta a la instalación de camas en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos en Brasil para enfrentar la pandemia de coronavirus.

Regular use of dental services among university students in southern Brazil.

OBJECTIVE To verify the prevalence and factors associated with regular use of dental services in university students of the Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel). METHODS This cross-sectional study interviewed 1,865 students aged 18 years or older, starting bachelor's degrees in 2017, enrolled in the second academic semester of 2017 and in the first of 2018 in classroom courses at UFPel. We considered regular users those who reported regularly going to the dentist with or without perceived dental problems. To test factors associated with regular use of dental services, demographic, socioeconomic and oral health variables were collected. Statistical analyses were based on Poisson regression models. RESULTS The prevalence of regular use of dental services was 45.0% (95%CI 42.7-47.3). University students of high economic class (PR = 1.47; 95%CI 0.91-2.36), with last private dental appointment (PR = 1.29; 95%CI 1.03-1.61), positive self-perception of oral health (PR = 2.33; 95%CI 1.79-3.03) and no report of toothache in the last six months (PR = 1.22; 95%CI 1.03-1.45) showed higher prevalence of regular use of dental services. CONCLUSION The results point to inequalities in the regular use of dental services related to socioeconomic factors and a lower use among university students with worse oral health conditions. These results suggest that public health prevention and promotion policies in higher education institutions must be carried out to ensure quality of life among these young adults.

Prevalência e fatores associados a dor dentária - estudo de base populacional com adultos e idosos do sul do Brasil / Prevalence and factors associated with tooth pain - a population-based study with adults and elderly from southern Brazil

Introdução: A dor dentária, ou odontalgia, é definida como uma dor de origem orofacial, que ocorre como consequência dos problemas que afetam os dentes e as estruturas de suporte. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os fatores associados à dor dentária em indivíduos com 18 anos ou mais de idade, no município de Rio Grande-RS, ao sul do Brasil. Material e método: Estudo transversal de base populacional. Foram entrevistados, no domicílio, 1.099 indivíduos, por meio de um questionário com questões fechadas. Foram obtidas informações demográficas, socioeconômicas e relativas a hábitos e comportamentos de saúde geral e bucal. O relato de dor dentária nos seis meses anteriores ao inquérito foi o desfecho do estudo. As análises foram baseadas em regressão de Poisson. Resultado: A prevalência de dor dentária foi de 18,0% (IC95% 15,6; 20,4). Ao se analisar por faixa etária, a prevalência de dor dentária foi de 23,9% (IC95% 20,3; 27,4), 14,0% (IC95% 10,6; 17,5) e 10,4% (IC95% 5,8; 15,0), considerando a população adulta de 20 a 39 anos e de 40 a 59 anos, e a população idosa, acima de 60 anos, respectivamente. Maiores prevalências de dor origem dentária foram em indivíduos solteiros (RP=1,50; IC95% 1,11; 2,03), com menor escolaridade (menos de oito anos de estudo) (RP=1,62; IC95% 1,16; 2,27) e com o hábito de ranger os dentes (RP=1,67; IC95% 1,18; 2,38). Já os idosos apresentaram menores prevalências de dor origem dentária, quando comparados aos indivíduos adultos (RP=0,50; IC95% 0,32; 0,80). Conclusão: Maior atenção deve ser dada aos solteiros, menos escolarizados, que rangem os dentes, e aos adultos jovens.

Introduction: Dental pain, or toothache, is defined as pain of orofacial origin, which occurs as a consequence of problems that affect teeth and support structures. Objective: The objective of the present study was to analyze the factors associated with dental pain in individuals aged 18 years or older in the city of Rio Grande, RS, in the south of Brazil. Material and method: Cross-sectional population-based study. 1,099 individuals were interviewed at home using a questionnaire with closed questions. Demographic, socioeconomic, general and oral health habits and behaviors were obtained. The report of dental pain in the 6 months prior to the survey was the study's outcome. The analyzes were based on Poisson regression. Result: The prevalence of dental pain was 18.0% (95% CI 15.6; 20.4). When analyzing by age group, the prevalence of dental pain was 23.9% (95% CI 20.3; 27.4), 14.0% (95% CI 10.6; 17.5) and 10.4% (95% CI 5.8; 15.0), considering the adult population aged 20 to 39 years old, 40 to 59 years old and elderly, respectively. The highest prevalence of dental pain was for single individuals (PR = 1.50; 95% CI 1.11; 2.03), with less education (less than 8 years of study) (PR = 1.62; 95% CI 1.16; 2.27) and with the habit of grinding the teeth (PR = 1.67; 95% CI 1.18; 2.38). The elderly, on the other hand, had lower prevalence of dental pain when compared to adult individuals (PR = 0.50; 95% CI 0.32; 0.80). Conclusion: Greater attention should be given to single, less educated, who grind their teeth and young adults.

Regular use of dental services among university students in southern Brazil / Uso regular de serviços odontológicos entre alunos de uma universidade do sul do Brasil

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To verify the prevalence and factors associated with regular use of dental services in university students of the Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel). METHODS This cross-sectional study interviewed 1,865 students aged 18 years or older, starting bachelor's degrees in 2017, enrolled in the second academic semester of 2017 and in the first of 2018 in classroom courses at UFPel. We considered regular users those who reported regularly going to the dentist with or without perceived dental problems. To test factors associated with regular use of dental services, demographic, socioeconomic and oral health variables were collected. Statistical analyses were based on Poisson regression models. RESULTS The prevalence of regular use of dental services was 45.0% (95%CI 42.7-47.3). University students of high economic class (PR = 1.47; 95%CI 0.91-2.36), with last private dental appointment (PR = 1.29; 95%CI 1.03-1.61), positive self-perception of oral health (PR = 2.33; 95%CI 1.79-3.03) and no report of toothache in the last six months (PR = 1.22; 95%CI 1.03-1.45) showed higher prevalence of regular use of dental services. CONCLUSION The results point to inequalities in the regular use of dental services related to socioeconomic factors and a lower use among university students with worse oral health conditions. These results suggest that public health prevention and promotion policies in higher education institutions must be carried out to ensure quality of life among these young adults.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Verificar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao uso regular de serviços odontológicos em acadêmicos da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel). MÉTODOS Este estudo transversal entrevistou 1.865 estudantes de 18 anos ou mais de idade, ingressantes em 2017, matriculados no segundo semestre letivo de 2017 e no primeiro de 2018 em cursos presenciais da UFPel. Consideraram-se usuários regulares os indivíduos que relataram ir regularmente ao dentista com ou sem problemas dentários percebidos. A fim de testar fatores associados ao uso regular de serviços odontológicos, foram coletadas variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas e de saúde bucal. As análises estatísticas foram baseadas em modelos de regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS A prevalência de uso regular de serviços odontológicos foi de 45,0% (IC95% 42,7-47,3). Os universitários de classe econômica elevada (RP = 1,47; IC95% 0,91-2,36), com última consulta odontológica particular (RP = 1,29; IC95% 1,03-1,61), autopercepção positiva da saúde bucal (RP = 2,33; IC95% 1,79-3,03) e sem relato de dor de dente nos últimos seis meses (RP = 1,22; IC95% 1,03-1,45) apresentaram maiores prevalências de uso regular dos serviços odontológicos. CONCLUSÃO Os resultados apontam para desigualdades no uso regular dos serviços odontológicos relacionadas a fatores socioeconômicos e um menor uso entre os universitários com piores condições de saúde bucal. Esses resultados sugerem que políticas públicas de prevenção e promoção em saúde em instituições de ensino superior devem ser realizadas para garantir qualidade de vida entre esses jovens.

Regular use of dental services and dental loss among the elderly. / Uso regular de serviços odontológicos e perda dentária entre idosos.

This study aimed to investigate the association between regular use of dental services and tooth loss by elderly linked to eleven Family Health Facilities in southern Brazil. This cross-sectional study evaluated 438 elderly. A standard questionnaire was used and oral health clinical variables were obtained by a trained dentist. The main study outcome, namely, the regular use of dental services, was obtained through a single question. Descriptive analyses and Poisson regression using Stata 12.0 were performed. The analysis of the exposure variables and the outcome in the unadjusted regression analysis revealed a positive association between regular use of oral health services for the elderly with 9-11 years of schooling (PR = 3.89; 95%CI 1.77-8.58) compared to individuals with 4 years of schooling, up to 9 teeth (PR = 2.50; 95%CI 19.0-5.72) and 10 or more teeth (PR = 3.89; 95%CI 1.58-9.57) compared to individuals who do not have teeth. When considering the primary exposure, tooth loss, through adjusted analysis, individuals with 10 or more teeth (PR = 3.51; 95%CI 1.37-8.99) have a higher prevalence of regular use of oral health services compared to individuals without teeth. The study identified that having teeth is positively associated with regular use of oral health services among the elderly.

Objetiva-se verificar a associação entre o uso regular de serviços odontológicos e a perda dentária por idosos vinculados a onze Unidades de Saúde da Família no sul do Brasil. Estudo transversal que avaliou 438 idosos. Um questionário padronizado foi utilizado e as variáveis clínicas de saúde bucal foram obtidas por um dentista treinado. O relato do uso regular dos serviços odontológicos, desfecho do estudo, foi obtido por meio de pergunta única. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e regressão de Poisson com o Stata 12.0. Analisando as variáveis de exposição e desfecho do estudo, na regressão não ajustada, houve associação positiva do relato do uso regular dos serviços de saúde bucal dos idosos com 9-11 anos de estudo (RP = 3,89; IC95%1,77-8,58) em comparação aos idosos com menos de 4 anos de estudo, com até 9 dentes (RP = 2,50;IC95%19,0-5,72) e 10 ou mais dentes (RP = 3,89;IC95%1,58-9,57) em comparação aos idosos sem dentes. Ao considerar a exposição principal, perda dentária, na análise ajustada, os indivíduos com 10 ou mais dentes (RP = 3,51;IC95%1,37-8,99) apresentavam maiores prevalências de relato de uso regular em comparação aos indivíduos sem dentes. O estudo identificou que ter dentes está associado positivamente ao relato do uso regular dos serviços de saúde bucal entre os idosos.

Uso regular de serviços odontológicos e perda dentária entre idosos / Regular use of dental services and dental loss among the elderly

Resumo Objetiva-se verificar a associação entre o uso regular de serviços odontológicos e a perda dentária por idosos vinculados a onze Unidades de Saúde da Família no sul do Brasil. Estudo transversal que avaliou 438 idosos. Um questionário padronizado foi utilizado e as variáveis clínicas de saúde bucal foram obtidas por um dentista treinado. O relato do uso regular dos serviços odontológicos, desfecho do estudo, foi obtido por meio de pergunta única. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e regressão de Poisson com o Stata 12.0. Analisando as variáveis de exposição e desfecho do estudo, na regressão não ajustada, houve associação positiva do relato do uso regular dos serviços de saúde bucal dos idosos com 9-11 anos de estudo (RP = 3,89; IC95%1,77-8,58) em comparação aos idosos com menos de 4 anos de estudo, com até 9 dentes (RP = 2,50;IC95%19,0-5,72) e 10 ou mais dentes (RP = 3,89;IC95%1,58-9,57) em comparação aos idosos sem dentes. Ao considerar a exposição principal, perda dentária, na análise ajustada, os indivíduos com 10 ou mais dentes (RP = 3,51;IC95%1,37-8,99) apresentavam maiores prevalências de relato de uso regular em comparação aos indivíduos sem dentes. O estudo identificou que ter dentes está associado positivamente ao relato do uso regular dos serviços de saúde bucal entre os idosos.

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the association between regular use of dental services and tooth loss by elderly linked to eleven Family Health Facilities in southern Brazil. This cross-sectional study evaluated 438 elderly. A standard questionnaire was used and oral health clinical variables were obtained by a trained dentist. The main study outcome, namely, the regular use of dental services, was obtained through a single question. Descriptive analyses and Poisson regression using Stata 12.0 were performed. The analysis of the exposure variables and the outcome in the unadjusted regression analysis revealed a positive association between regular use of oral health services for the elderly with 9-11 years of schooling (PR = 3.89; 95%CI 1.77-8.58) compared to individuals with 4 years of schooling, up to 9 teeth (PR = 2.50; 95%CI 19.0-5.72) and 10 or more teeth (PR = 3.89; 95%CI 1.58-9.57) compared to individuals who do not have teeth. When considering the primary exposure, tooth loss, through adjusted analysis, individuals with 10 or more teeth (PR = 3.51; 95%CI 1.37-8.99) have a higher prevalence of regular use of oral health services compared to individuals without teeth. The study identified that having teeth is positively associated with regular use of oral health services among the elderly.

Concentração de íons flúor em águas minerais envasadas no Rio Grande do Sul / Concentration of fluoride ions in mineral water bottled in the state of Rio Grande do Sul

Objetivo: avaliar o nível de flúor presente nas águas minerais carbogasosas e não carbogasosas envasadas no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, comparando os dados com as informações descritas nos rótulos das embalagens. Materiais e método: foram analisadas cinco marcas comerciais de água mineral. Os valores de padrão/ amostra e tampão Tisab foram utilizados em uma relação de 1:1, e as amostras foram lidas em duplicata. As amostras carbogasosas foram agitadas com bastão magnético para eliminação do gás carbônico. Para determinação de flúor, foram utilizados analisador específico de íons, eletrodo seletivo para íon flúor, eletrodo de referência Ag/AgCl de junção simples. Resultados: foram encontradas concentrações de flúor variando entre 0,13 mg F-/L e 1,31 mg F-/L, com diferenças entre os valores estipulados nos rótulos das marcas de água mineral avaliadas e as análises laboratoriais na presente investigação. Os valores de duas marcas de água mineral com flúor analisadas no estudo mostraram-se acima, considerando os valores de referência (0,6-0,8 mg F-/L), e uma marca não apresentou valores de ação preventiva contra a cárie dentária (valores abaixo de 0,6 mg F-/ L). Conclusão: conclui-se que há divergência entre os valores de íons flúor encontrados nas medições e os informados nos rótulos, sendo necessário um sistema de melhor vigilância para o controle dos níveis de flúor nas águas minerais disponibilizadas à população do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, considerando os benefícios do consumo de águas minerais para prevenção dos níveis de cárie na população. (AU)

Objective: quantify the fluoride level in carbogaseous and non-carbogaseous mineral waters bottled in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, as well as to compare the data with the information described on the package labels. Materials and method: five brands of mineral water were analyzed. Standard/sample values and Tisab buffer were used in a ratio of 1:1, and the samples were read in duplicates. The carbogaseous samples were shaken with a magnetic rod to eliminate the carbon dioxide. For fluoride determination, a specific ion analyzer was used, as well as a fluoride ion-selective electrode, single-junction Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Results: fluoride concentrations ranging from 0.13 mg F-/L to 1.31 mg F-/L were found, with differences between the values specified in the labels of the mineral water brands evaluated and the laboratory analyses of the present investigation. The values of two brands of mineral water with fluoride analyzed in the study were high, considering the reference values (0.6-0.8 mg F-/L), and one brand did not present values of preventive action against dental caries (below 0.6 mg F-/L). Conclusion: there is a divergence between the values of fluoride ions measured and those reported on the labels, which requires a better surveillance system for controlling fluoride levels in the mineral waters offered to the population of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, considering the benefits of mineral water consumption to prevent caries levels in the population. (AU)

Bovine Tooth Discoloration Induced by Endodontic Filling Materials for Primary Teeth.

Objective. This study evaluated the discoloration potential of endodontic materials used in primary teeth. Material and Methods. Dentine-enamel blocks were prepared from 75 bovine teeth, assorted in five experimental groups (n = 15). The tested materials included an MTA-based material; zinc oxide and eugenol cement (ZOE); Vitapex; and calcium hydroxide thickened with zinc oxide (Calen + ZO). The color measurements were performed using a spectrophotometer at the following intervals: prior to (T0) and after placement of the filling (T1) and after 1 week (T2), 1 month (T3), 3 months (T4), 6 months (T5), and 9 months (T6). Data were submitted to ANOVA with repeated measures and Tukey's test. Results. The time had a significant effect on the color variation (ΔE00⁎) (p < 0.0001). The effect of the materials on the color variation (ΔE00⁎) was statistically significant (p = 0.004). Interactions between time and materials demonstrated a significant effect on the values (ΔE00⁎) (p < 0.0001). The ZOE cement showed the highest darkening effect (p = 0.018). Conclusion. The MTA-based material showed the smallest discoloration during the experimental time; however, it was similar to the other materials and to the control group. Zinc oxide and eugenol showed higher discoloration.